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汽车灯具产业发展四大演变史

  • 2015-01-29 17:07:32
汽车灯具的演变随着汽车光源的更迭而发生,大体上经过如下四个阶段:

  第一代汽车光源是由燃料(蜡烛、煤油或乙炔)直接燃烧发光,它能满足早期车灯的要求,但存在发光效率很低、光强弱、性能不稳定、操作复杂等明显缺点。

  第二代汽车光源是白炽灯。1879年爱迪生发明白炽灯,1913年美国首先将白炽灯技术应用在凯迪拉克汽车前照灯上,汽车灯具发生了革命性的变化,从此汽车照明进入了电气时代。接着,先后出现汽车反光镜、启动机、发电机和蓄电池等新技术,1925年开始汽车真正进入白炽灯汽车灯具时代。20世纪50年代又出现卤钨灯,它很快成为汽车强光源的主要灯泡。

  第三代汽车光源是气体放电灯(HID)。它具有高发光效率、高亮度和高可靠性等优点,将替代白炽灯、卤钨灯成为新型的汽车前照灯的光源。

  第四代汽车光源是半导体发光二极管(LED)。LED是半导体PN结二极管,当一个正向偏压施加于PN结两端时,使PN结系统受到激发,载流子由低能态跃迁到高能态,当处于高能态的不稳定载流子回到低能态复合时,根据能量守恒原理,多余的能量将以光子形式释放,它就是LED电致发光原理。

  从LED车灯技术发展现状与趋势来讲,我国LED高位制动灯将进一步普及,价格稳步下降,LED后制动灯、转向灯和雾灯开始商品化,LED汽车灯具向个性化和艺术化方向发展,同时LED智能控制系统也将快速发展。